The United Methodist Church (UMC), one of the largest Protestant denominations in the United States, is facing a significant split. This schism, brewing for years, officially began in 2022 and continues to unfold, reshaping the landscape of Methodism. Understanding the reasons behind this division, the key players involved, and the potential future for the UMC requires a look into the complex issues of theology, social values, and denominational governance.

The Core of the Division: A Clash of Ideologies

The primary catalyst for the United Methodist Church split of 2022 stems from deeply entrenched disagreements over LGBTQ+ inclusion, particularly the ordination of LGBTQ+ clergy and the recognition of same-sex marriages. While the UMC's official stance, outlined in its Book of Discipline, historically prohibited the ordination of "self-avowed practicing homosexuals" and forbade the celebration of same-sex unions, a growing segment within the denomination has advocated for full inclusion. This divergence in beliefs has created a schism, pitting traditionalists against progressives and fueling years of intense debate and legislative battles at the UMC's General Conference, the denomination's highest legislative body.

Traditionalists, often adhering to a more conservative interpretation of scripture, maintain that marriage is exclusively between one man and one woman and that homosexual practice is incompatible with Christian teaching. They argue that upholding these traditional doctrines is essential to preserving the integrity of the UMC and remaining faithful to its theological heritage. Organizations like the Wesleyan Covenant Association have emerged as prominent voices within the traditionalist movement, advocating for the preservation of traditional values and, ultimately, the formation of a new Methodist denomination that upholds these principles.

On the other hand, progressives within the UMC advocate for a more inclusive interpretation of scripture, arguing that LGBTQ+ individuals are equally deserving of God's love, grace, and full participation in the life of the church. They point to biblical passages that emphasize love, justice, and compassion, contending that excluding LGBTQ+ individuals contradicts the core values of Christianity. Progressive groups like Reconciling Ministries Network have actively worked to challenge discriminatory policies and promote LGBTQ+ inclusion within the UMC, advocating for changes to the Book of Discipline that would remove discriminatory language and practices.

The inability to reconcile these fundamentally different perspectives has led to increasing frustration and division within the UMC. Failed attempts at compromise, such as the "One Church Plan" and the "Connectional Conference Plan," ultimately proved insufficient to bridge the divide, paving the way for the eventual split.

The Protocol of Reconciliation and Grace Through Separation

To address the escalating conflict, a diverse group of UMC leaders negotiated the "Protocol of Reconciliation and Grace Through Separation" in 2019. This proposed agreement offered a pathway for churches and annual conferences (regional bodies) to depart from the UMC with their property and assets, provided they met certain conditions. The Protocol aimed to provide a more amicable separation than might otherwise occur through contentious legislative battles at General Conference.

However, the COVID-19 pandemic repeatedly delayed the General Conference, where the Protocol was to be formally approved. This delay created further uncertainty and frustration, as churches and annual conferences remained in limbo, unsure of their future within the UMC. Despite the lack of official approval, many traditionalist congregations began to prepare for departure, anticipating that the Protocol or a similar plan would eventually be adopted.

In the absence of a formal agreement, some churches and annual conferences have pursued alternative methods of separation, often involving complex legal and financial negotiations with the UMC. These departures have sometimes resulted in disputes over property ownership and denominational affiliation, further exacerbating the tensions within the UMC.

The Rise of the Global Methodist Church

As the UMC split gained momentum, a new denomination, the Global Methodist Church (GMC), was officially launched on May 1, 2022. The GMC serves as a landing place for traditionalist congregations seeking to depart from the UMC and align themselves with a denomination that upholds traditional doctrines on marriage and sexuality. Led by prominent figures within the traditionalist movement, the GMC aims to be a global connection of Methodist congregations committed to Wesleyan theology and traditional Christian values. The formation of the GMC marks a significant turning point in the history of Methodism, signaling a formal division within the denomination and the emergence of a new expression of Methodist faith.

The Global Methodist Church has quickly attracted a significant number of congregations from the UMC, particularly in the United States. These departing churches represent a diverse range of geographical locations and theological perspectives within the traditionalist movement. The GMC offers these congregations a sense of belonging and a shared commitment to traditional values, providing a framework for ministry and mission that aligns with their beliefs.

The impact of the GMC on the future of Methodism remains to be seen. As the denomination grows and develops its own structures and identity, it will undoubtedly play a significant role in shaping the landscape of conservative Protestantism in the years to come.

The Future of the United Methodist Church

With the departure of many traditionalist congregations, the United Methodist Church is poised to undergo significant changes. The UMC is likely to become more progressive in its theological and social views, with a greater emphasis on LGBTQ+ inclusion and social justice issues. However, the departure of conservative voices could also lead to a decline in membership and financial resources, posing challenges for the denomination's long-term sustainability.

The UMC faces the task of rebuilding and redefining its identity in the wake of the split. This process will involve addressing issues of governance, mission, and theological direction. The denomination will need to find ways to attract and retain members, particularly younger generations, who may be drawn to more progressive and inclusive expressions of Christianity.

Despite the challenges, the UMC also has opportunities to embrace change and create a more vibrant and relevant future. By focusing on its core values of love, compassion, and social justice, the UMC can continue to be a force for good in the world, addressing pressing social issues and serving the needs of its communities.

The Impact on Local Churches and Communities

The United Methodist Church split of 2022 has had a profound impact on local churches and communities across the United States and around the world. Congregations have been forced to grapple with difficult decisions about their denominational affiliation, leading to emotional debates and divisions within local churches. Families and friends have found themselves on opposite sides of the issue, creating tension and conflict within communities.

In some cases, churches have voted to disaffiliate from the UMC and join the Global Methodist Church or other denominations. These decisions often involve complex legal and financial considerations, as well as emotional and spiritual implications for church members. The process of disaffiliation can be divisive and painful, leaving lasting scars on communities.

In other cases, churches have chosen to remain within the UMC, even if they hold differing views on LGBTQ+ inclusion. These churches face the challenge of creating a welcoming and inclusive environment for all members, while also respecting the diversity of theological perspectives within the congregation. This requires open communication, mutual understanding, and a commitment to finding common ground.

The impact of the UMC split extends beyond the walls of the church, affecting the broader community as well. Churches often play a vital role in providing social services, such as food banks, homeless shelters, and after-school programs. The division within the UMC could disrupt these services, leaving vulnerable populations without the support they need. Furthermore, the conflict over LGBTQ+ inclusion has broader implications for social justice and equality, raising questions about the role of religion in public life.

Conclusion: A New Chapter for Methodism

The United Methodist Church split of 2022 represents a significant turning point in the history of Methodism. The division is the culmination of years of debate and conflict over LGBTQ+ inclusion, theological differences, and denominational governance. As the UMC and the GMC move forward on separate paths, they will each face unique challenges and opportunities. The future of Methodism will depend on their ability to adapt to changing social and cultural landscapes, address pressing social issues, and remain true to their core values.

For local churches and communities, the UMC split has created uncertainty and division. However, it also presents an opportunity for renewal and growth. By engaging in open dialogue, fostering mutual understanding, and focusing on their shared commitment to serving God and neighbor, churches can navigate these challenging times and build a more inclusive and compassionate future. The United Methodist Church split marks not an end, but a new chapter in the ongoing story of Methodism, one filled with both challenges and possibilities.